Which term describes the malware that blocks access to data until a ransom is paid?

• A. Ransomware
• B. Hacking
• C. Phishing
• D. Identity theft

Answer: (A)

Ransomware is malware that blocks access to data until a payment is made. It typically encrypts files or locks the system, then demands a ransom in exchange for restoring access, often via cryptocurrency. This specific goal of denying access to data distinguishes it from other threats. Hacking is a broad term for breaking into systems and may involve many methods but doesn’t by itself imply data is held hostage. Phishing is a social‑engineering tactic used to trick people into revealing credentials or downloading malware. Identity theft involves stealing personal information to commit fraud, not necessarily locking data for a ransom.