Which action addresses a specific vulnerability or bug in a software program?

• A. Patch
• B. Service Pack
• C. Firmware Update
• D. Hotfix

Answer: (A)

Fixing a specific vulnerability or bug in a software program is done by applying a patch. A patch is a focused update released by the software vendor that corrects a known flaw in the code, usually targeting that exact issue to improve security and stability without altering unrelated parts of the program. This targeted nature is why a patch is the appropriate remedy for a particular vulnerability. A service pack, by contrast, bundles many fixes and sometimes new features, so it’s not as focused on a single issue. A firmware update changes the device’s embedded firmware, not the software application. A hotfix is a rapid, small fix for an urgent problem, but in practice patches are the standard, more formal remedy for vulnerabilities in software.